Recent studies reveal a surprising link between routine mammograms and the early detection of heart disease risk in women. Researchers have found that breast arterial calcification (BAC) – calcium deposits in breast arteries visible on mammograms – can be a strong indicator of future cardiovascular events like stroke, heart failure, and even cardiac death.
The Connection Between Breast Arteries and Heart Health
The underlying reason for this connection lies in the systemic nature of arterial calcification. According to Dr. Navjot Sobti, an interventional cardiologist at Northwell’s Northern Westchester Hospital, BAC doesn’t indicate a sudden blockage, but rather gradual stiffening of blood vessels throughout the body. This means that if calcium buildup is detected in breast arteries, it often suggests similar changes are occurring in the heart’s arteries as well.
The research, published in the American Journal of Cardiology and presented at the Radiological Society of North America, analyzed data from over 10,000 women. The study utilized AI software to assess BAC levels over time, revealing a clear correlation:
- Women with higher BAC levels faced up to two times greater risk of heart-related events.
- Progression of calcification, even within a year, significantly increased risk:
- 41% higher risk for those developing calcification over time.
- 59% higher risk for those with mild calcification that worsened.
- 93% higher risk for those with moderate calcification that progressed to severe.
Why This Matters
This discovery is significant because it introduces the possibility of screening for both breast cancer and heart disease simultaneously. Currently, women undergo separate screenings for each condition. Leveraging existing mammograms could offer a more efficient and cost-effective approach to early detection.
However, experts caution that BAC scoring is still in its early stages. Dr. Richard Reitherman, a radiologist at MemorialCare Breast Center, notes that a standardized methodology for grading BAC and translating those grades into actionable clinical interventions is still being developed.
Future Implications
While widespread clinical use is not yet available, the findings suggest that BAC assessment could eventually be integrated into mammogram reports. Dr. Matthew Nudy, co-author of the studies, is optimistic about the potential for combining breast cancer and heart disease screenings in the future.
For now, women should continue following recommended heart health guidelines and discuss any concerns with their doctors. The link between BAC and cardiovascular risk is promising, but further research is necessary to refine screening protocols and ensure accurate risk assessment.
